This document is open to every reader on every plan. Availability tells you what a plan includes; it does not decide what you may read.
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What it is for
Every other instrument here asks what a crawler would find. Your access log records what crawlers actually did: which paths they requested, how often, and what your server answered. It is the only evidence of crawler behaviour that is not a simulation, and it is sitting unread on most hosts.
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How to use it
Download an access log from your hosting control panel. A single day is enough to start; a week reads better.
Upload it here, within the stated size and line bounds.
Read the summary before the detail. The response-code distribution usually contains the finding.
Follow up the paths crawlers request most and the ones your server answered with an error.
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Reading the result
The summary groups requests by response class and by path. A large share of 4xx answers to a crawler means budget spent on nothing; a crawler hammering one low-value path means budget spent in the wrong place. Malformed lines are counted rather than silently dropped, so you can see how much of your file was readable.
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What it cannot tell you
It reads the file you uploaded and nothing else, so it describes the period that file covers. A user agent claiming to be Googlebot may not be, and this instrument reports the claim rather than verifying it. It also cannot tell you whether a crawled page was indexed afterwards.
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What it keeps
Nothing, and this one is worth stating plainly: your log file is processed and never persisted. The detail rows you see are held in this browser session only.